
\begin{table}
\caption{Robustness Check: The Fixed-Effect Regression Results of Upward and Downward Comparisons for Ethnic Conflict (1992-2020)}
\begin{center}
\scalebox{0.7}{
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c c c c c}
\hline
 & \multicolumn{4}{c}{DV: Conflict Onset} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{DV: Conflict Prevalence} \\
\cline{2-5} \cline{6-9}
 & M1:Best & M2:Worst & M3:Median & M4:Nearest & M5:Best & M6:Worst & M7:Median & M8:Nearest \\
\hline
Relative poverty           & $0.005^{*}$    & $0.006^{*}$    & $0.005$        & $0.005$        & $-0.000$       & $0.009$        & $0.006$        & $-0.004$       \\
                           & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.005)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.005)$      & $(0.005)$      \\
Relative wealth            & $-0.008^{**}$  & $-0.003^{*}$   & $-0.010^{***}$ & $-0.004$       & $-0.019^{***}$ & $-0.011^{***}$ & $-0.021^{***}$ & $-0.008^{*}$   \\
                           & $(0.004)$      & $(0.002)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.003)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.004)$      \\
TEK status excluded        & $-0.005$       & $0.002$        & $0.004$        & $-0.001$       & $0.006$        & $-0.005$       & $0.006$        & $0.006$        \\
                           & $(0.005)$      & $(0.004)$      & $(0.004)$      & $(0.005)$      & $(0.009)$      & $(0.007)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.009)$      \\
Horizontal inequality      & $0.004$        & $0.004$        & $0.004$        & $0.004$        & $0.002$        & $0.008$        & $0.007$        & $-0.002$       \\
                           & $(0.004)$      & $(0.004)$      & $(0.004)$      & $(0.004)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.006)$      \\
Status excluded            & $-0.001$       & $-0.001$       & $-0.001$       & $-0.001$       & $0.033^{***}$  & $0.034^{***}$  & $0.034^{***}$  & $0.033^{***}$  \\
                           & $(0.006)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.010)$      & $(0.010)$      & $(0.010)$      & $(0.010)$      \\
Previous rebellions        & $-0.133^{***}$ & $-0.132^{***}$ & $-0.132^{***}$ & $-0.133^{***}$ & $0.129^{***}$  & $0.129^{***}$  & $0.128^{***}$  & $0.128^{***}$  \\
                           & $(0.011)$      & $(0.011)$      & $(0.011)$      & $(0.011)$      & $(0.017)$      & $(0.016)$      & $(0.016)$      & $(0.016)$      \\
Status downgraded          & $0.005$        & $0.005$        & $0.005$        & $0.005$        & $0.018$        & $0.019$        & $0.018$        & $0.018$        \\
                           & $(0.008)$      & $(0.008)$      & $(0.008)$      & $(0.008)$      & $(0.012)$      & $(0.012)$      & $(0.012)$      & $(0.012)$      \\
Ln(Country GDP per capita) & $-0.011^{*}$   & $-0.011^{*}$   & $-0.011^{*}$   & $-0.011^{*}$   & $-0.034^{***}$ & $-0.030^{***}$ & $-0.030^{***}$ & $-0.035^{***}$ \\
                           & $(0.006)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.006)$      & $(0.010)$      & $(0.009)$      & $(0.010)$      & $(0.010)$      \\
Ln(Country population)     & $-0.017$       & $-0.016$       & $-0.015$       & $-0.016$       & $-0.089^{***}$ & $-0.085^{***}$ & $-0.085^{***}$ & $-0.090^{***}$ \\
                           & $(0.012)$      & $(0.012)$      & $(0.012)$      & $(0.012)$      & $(0.020)$      & $(0.020)$      & $(0.020)$      & $(0.020)$      \\
Intercept                  & $0.418$        & $0.399$        & $0.369$        & $0.390$        & $1.781^{***}$  & $1.663^{***}$  & $1.657^{***}$  & $1.804^{***}$  \\
                           & $(0.264)$      & $(0.265)$      & $(0.265)$      & $(0.266)$      & $(0.438)$      & $(0.439)$      & $(0.441)$      & $(0.442)$      \\
\hline
Group Fixed  Effects       & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            \\
Year Fixed  Effects        & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            & YES            \\
R$^2$                      & $0.217$        & $0.216$        & $0.217$        & $0.216$        & $0.532$        & $0.532$        & $0.532$        & $0.531$        \\
Adj. R$^2$                 & $0.179$        & $0.179$        & $0.180$        & $0.179$        & $0.511$        & $0.511$        & $0.511$        & $0.510$        \\
Num. obs.                  & $7268$         & $7268$         & $7268$         & $7268$         & $7793$         & $7793$         & $7793$         & $7793$         \\
\hline
\multicolumn{9}{l}{\scriptsize{$^{***}p<0.01$; $^{**}p<0.05$; $^{*}p<0.1$}}
\end{tabular}
}
\label{tab:robust}
\end{center}
\end{table}
